The paper derives analytic relations showing that market-based statistical moments of asset prices (VWAP mean, variance and third moment/ skewness) depend explicitly on the moments and covariances of trade values and trade volumes, demonstrates that frequency-based moments are the special case with constant volumes, proves price–volume covariance (with prices and volumes) is zero under market-based definitions and argues this limitation constrains VaR and macro/market model accuracy; practical formulas and normalized coefficients (ψ, χ, φ) for variance and higher moments are provided [page::0][page::4][page::12][page::9][page::8][page::11]
This paper develops a simple static model of an interbank market under tiered remuneration, showing that the market overnight rate is determined by the ratio of unused exemption (B) to excess reserves above the exemption (A) and that trading volume is maximized when the exemption threshold is set around the midpoint of the two remuneration rates; the model is tested against Denmark, Japan and Switzerland and provides a reasonable fit to observed rates and volumes [page::4][page::6][page::15].
This paper formulates next-day open-direction prediction for healthcare indices (S&P 500 and S&P BSE healthcare) as a supervised one-step-ahead classification problem and achieves high empirical performance (accuracy > 0.8, MCC > 0.6) on held-out tests [page::0]. The authors design three feature groups—intrinsic OHLC prices, volatility-based historical bands (Donchian, Bollinger, Keltner), and novel nowcasting features formed by log-ratios of same-day OHLC to open—and show that nowcasting features dominate predictive power per Shapley explainability, while historical band features have inconsistent or negligible contribution [page::7][page::20]. The study spans Apr 1, 2019–Mar 31, 2024 across two markets, highlights model interpretability via Shapley values, and emphasizes transparency by using only public OHLC data [page::4][page::20].