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TabNet在量化选股中的应用

TabNet: Attentive Interpretable Tabular Learning

基于Tabnet模型的量化选股方案。抽取了98个量价因子,2010到2018年为数据训练TabNet模型,并将模型的预测结果应用在2018到2021年9月的数据上进行了回测。

TabNet核心参数

  • input_dim: 输入的特征数
  • n_steps: 决策的步数,通常为{3 ~ 10}
  • n_d: 预测阶段的特征数,通常为{8 ~ 64}
  • n_a: Attentive阶段的特征数,通常为{8 ~ 64}
  • gamma: Attentive中注意力更新的比例,通常为{1.0 ~ 2.0}
  • momentum: BN层的动量,通常为{0.0 ~ 1.0}

    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context.options['data'].read_df()\n\n # 系统已经设置了默认的交易手续费和滑点,要修改手续费可使用如下函数\n context.set_commission(PerOrder(buy_cost=0.001, sell_cost=0.001, min_cost=5))\n # 预测数据,通过options传入进来,使用 read_df 函数,加载到内存 (DataFrame)\n # 设置买入的股票数量,这里买入预测股票列表排名靠前的5只\n stock_count = 20\n # 每只的股票的权重,如下的权重分配会使得靠前的股票分配多一点的资金,[0.339160, 0.213986, 0.169580, ..]\n context.stock_weights = T.norm([1 / math.log(i + 2) for i in range(0, stock_count)])\n # 设置每只股票占用的最大资金比例\n context.max_cash_per_instrument = 0.2\n context.options['hold_days'] = 5\n","type":"Literal","bound_global_parameter":null},{"name":"handle_data","value":"# 回测引擎:每日数据处理函数,每天执行一次\ndef bigquant_run(context, data):\n # 按日期过滤得到今日的预测数据\n ranker_prediction = context.ranker_prediction[\n context.ranker_prediction.date == data.current_dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')]\n\n # 1. 资金分配\n # 平均持仓时间是hold_days,每日都将买入股票,每日预期使用 1/hold_days 的资金\n # 实际操作中,会存在一定的买入误差,所以在前hold_days天,等量使用资金;之后,尽量使用剩余资金(这里设置最多用等量的1.5倍)\n is_staging = context.trading_day_index < context.options['hold_days'] # 是否在建仓期间(前 hold_days 天)\n cash_avg = context.portfolio.portfolio_value / context.options['hold_days']\n cash_for_buy = min(context.portfolio.cash, (1 if is_staging else 1.5) * cash_avg)\n cash_for_sell = cash_avg - (context.portfolio.cash - cash_for_buy)\n positions = {e.symbol: p.amount * p.last_sale_price\n for e, p in context.perf_tracker.position_tracker.positions.items()}\n\n # 2. 生成卖出订单:hold_days天之后才开始卖出;对持仓的股票,按机器学习算法预测的排序末位淘汰\n if not is_staging and cash_for_sell > 0:\n equities = {e.symbol: e for e, p in context.perf_tracker.position_tracker.positions.items()}\n instruments = list(reversed(list(ranker_prediction.instrument[ranker_prediction.instrument.apply(\n lambda x: x in equities and not context.has_unfinished_sell_order(equities[x]))])))\n # print('rank order for sell %s' % instruments)\n for instrument in instruments:\n context.order_target(context.symbol(instrument), 0)\n cash_for_sell -= positions[instrument]\n if cash_for_sell <= 0:\n 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    In [ ]:
    # 本代码由可视化策略环境自动生成 2023年2月6日 17:00
    # 本代码单元只能在可视化模式下编辑。您也可以拷贝代码,粘贴到新建的代码单元或者策略,然后修改。
    
    
    # Python 代码入口函数,input_1/2/3 对应三个输入端,data_1/2/3 对应三个输出端
    def m12_run_bigquant_run(input_1, input_2, input_3):
        # 示例代码如下。在这里编写您的代码
        from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
        data = input_1.read()
        x_train, x_val, y_train, y_val = train_test_split(data["x"], data['y'], random_state=2021)
        data_1 = DataSource.write_pickle({'x': x_train, 'y': y_train.reshape(-1, 1)})
        data_2 = DataSource.write_pickle({'x': x_val, 'y': y_val.reshape(-1, 1)})
        return Outputs(data_1=data_1, data_2=data_2, data_3=None)
    # 后处理函数,可选。输入是主函数的输出,可以在这里对数据做处理,或者返回更友好的outputs数据格式。此函数输出不会被缓存。
    def m12_post_run_bigquant_run(outputs):
        return outputs
    
    # Python 代码入口函数,input_1/2/3 对应三个输入端,data_1/2/3 对应三个输出端
    def m20_run_bigquant_run(input_1, input_2, input_3):
        # 示例代码如下。在这里编写您的代码
        pred_label = input_1.read_pickle()
        df = input_2.read_df()
        df = pd.DataFrame({'pred_label':pred_label[:,0], 'instrument':df.instrument, 'date':df.date})
        df.sort_values(['date','pred_label'],inplace=True, ascending=[True,False])
        return Outputs(data_1=DataSource.write_df(df), data_2=None, data_3=None)
    
    # 后处理函数,可选。输入是主函数的输出,可以在这里对数据做处理,或者返回更友好的outputs数据格式。此函数输出不会被缓存。
    def m20_post_run_bigquant_run(outputs):
        return outputs
    
    # 回测引擎:初始化函数,只执行一次
    def m21_initialize_bigquant_run(context):
        # 加载预测数据
        context.ranker_prediction = context.options['data'].read_df()
    
        # 系统已经设置了默认的交易手续费和滑点,要修改手续费可使用如下函数
        context.set_commission(PerOrder(buy_cost=0.001, sell_cost=0.001, min_cost=5))
        # 预测数据,通过options传入进来,使用 read_df 函数,加载到内存 (DataFrame)
        # 设置买入的股票数量,这里买入预测股票列表排名靠前的5只
        stock_count = 20
        # 每只的股票的权重,如下的权重分配会使得靠前的股票分配多一点的资金,[0.339160, 0.213986, 0.169580, ..]
        context.stock_weights = T.norm([1 / math.log(i + 2) for i in range(0, stock_count)])
        # 设置每只股票占用的最大资金比例
        context.max_cash_per_instrument = 0.2
        context.options['hold_days'] = 5
    
    # 回测引擎:每日数据处理函数,每天执行一次
    def m21_handle_data_bigquant_run(context, data):
        # 按日期过滤得到今日的预测数据
        ranker_prediction = context.ranker_prediction[
            context.ranker_prediction.date == data.current_dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')]
    
        # 1. 资金分配
        # 平均持仓时间是hold_days,每日都将买入股票,每日预期使用 1/hold_days 的资金
        # 实际操作中,会存在一定的买入误差,所以在前hold_days天,等量使用资金;之后,尽量使用剩余资金(这里设置最多用等量的1.5倍)
        is_staging = context.trading_day_index < context.options['hold_days'] # 是否在建仓期间(前 hold_days 天)
        cash_avg = context.portfolio.portfolio_value / context.options['hold_days']
        cash_for_buy = min(context.portfolio.cash, (1 if is_staging else 1.5) * cash_avg)
        cash_for_sell = cash_avg - (context.portfolio.cash - cash_for_buy)
        positions = {e.symbol: p.amount * p.last_sale_price
                     for e, p in context.perf_tracker.position_tracker.positions.items()}
    
        # 2. 生成卖出订单:hold_days天之后才开始卖出;对持仓的股票,按机器学习算法预测的排序末位淘汰
        if not is_staging and cash_for_sell > 0:
            equities = {e.symbol: e for e, p in context.perf_tracker.position_tracker.positions.items()}
            instruments = list(reversed(list(ranker_prediction.instrument[ranker_prediction.instrument.apply(
                    lambda x: x in equities and not context.has_unfinished_sell_order(equities[x]))])))
            # print('rank order for sell %s' % instruments)
            for instrument in instruments:
                context.order_target(context.symbol(instrument), 0)
                cash_for_sell -= positions[instrument]
                if cash_for_sell <= 0:
                    break
    
        # 3. 生成买入订单:按机器学习算法预测的排序,买入前面的stock_count只股票
        buy_cash_weights = context.stock_weights
        buy_instruments = list(ranker_prediction.instrument[:len(buy_cash_weights)])
        max_cash_per_instrument = context.portfolio.portfolio_value * context.max_cash_per_instrument
        for i, instrument in enumerate(buy_instruments):
            cash = cash_for_buy * buy_cash_weights[i]
            if cash > max_cash_per_instrument - positions.get(instrument, 0):
                # 确保股票持仓量不会超过每次股票最大的占用资金量
                cash = max_cash_per_instrument - positions.get(instrument, 0)
            if cash > 0:
                context.order_value(context.symbol(instrument), cash)
    
    # 回测引擎:准备数据,只执行一次
    def m21_prepare_bigquant_run(context):
        pass
    
    
    m1 = M.instruments.v2(
        start_date='2010-01-01',
        end_date='2017-12-31',
        market='CN_STOCK_A',
        instrument_list='',
        max_count=0
    )
    
    m2 = M.advanced_auto_labeler.v2(
        instruments=m1.data,
        label_expr="""# #号开始的表示注释
    # 0. 每行一个,顺序执行,从第二个开始,可以使用label字段
    # 1. 可用数据字段见 https://bigquant.com/docs/data_history_data.html
    #   添加benchmark_前缀,可使用对应的benchmark数据
    # 2. 可用操作符和函数见 `表达式引擎 <https://bigquant.com/docs/big_expr.html>`_
    
    # 计算收益:5日收盘价(作为卖出价格)除以明日开盘价(作为买入价格)
    shift(close, -5) / shift(open, -1)-1
    
    # 极值处理:用1%和99%分位的值做clip
    clip(label, all_quantile(label, 0.01), all_quantile(label, 0.99))
    
    # 过滤掉一字涨停的情况 (设置label为NaN,在后续处理和训练中会忽略NaN的label)
    where(shift(high, -1) == shift(low, -1), NaN, label)
    """,
        start_date='',
        end_date='',
        benchmark='000300.SHA',
        drop_na_label=True,
        cast_label_int=False
    )
    
    m17 = M.standardlize.v8(
        input_1=m2.data,
        columns_input='label'
    )
    
    m3 = M.input_features.v1(
        features="""close_0
    open_0
    high_0
    low_0 
    amount_0
    turn_0 
    return_0
     
    close_1
    open_1
    high_1
    low_1
    return_1
    amount_1
    turn_1
     
    close_2
    open_2
    high_2
    low_2
    amount_2
    turn_2
    return_2
     
    close_3
    open_3
    high_3
    low_3
    amount_3
    turn_3
    return_3
     
    close_4
    open_4
    high_4
    low_4
    amount_4
    turn_4
    return_4
     
    mean(close_0, 5)
    mean(low_0, 5)
    mean(open_0, 5)
    mean(high_0, 5)
    mean(turn_0, 5)
    mean(amount_0, 5)
    mean(return_0, 5)
     
    ts_max(close_0, 5)
    ts_max(low_0, 5)
    ts_max(open_0, 5)
    ts_max(high_0, 5)
    ts_max(turn_0, 5)
    ts_max(amount_0, 5)
    ts_max(return_0, 5)
     
    ts_min(close_0, 5)
    ts_min(low_0, 5)
    ts_min(open_0, 5)
    ts_min(high_0, 5)
    ts_min(turn_0, 5)
    ts_min(amount_0, 5)
    ts_min(return_0, 5) 
     
    std(close_0, 5)
    std(low_0, 5)
    std(open_0, 5)
    std(high_0, 5)
    std(turn_0, 5)
    std(amount_0, 5)
    std(return_0, 5)
     
    ts_rank(close_0, 5)
    ts_rank(low_0, 5)
    ts_rank(open_0, 5)
    ts_rank(high_0, 5)
    ts_rank(turn_0, 5)
    ts_rank(amount_0, 5)
    ts_rank(return_0, 5)
     
    decay_linear(close_0, 5)
    decay_linear(low_0, 5)
    decay_linear(open_0, 5)
    decay_linear(high_0, 5)
    decay_linear(turn_0, 5)
    decay_linear(amount_0, 5)
    decay_linear(return_0, 5)
     
    correlation(volume_0, return_0, 5)
    correlation(volume_0, high_0, 5)
    correlation(volume_0, low_0, 5)
    correlation(volume_0, close_0, 5)
    correlation(volume_0, open_0, 5)
    correlation(volume_0, turn_0, 5)
      
    correlation(return_0, high_0, 5)
    correlation(return_0, low_0, 5)
    correlation(return_0, close_0, 5)
    correlation(return_0, open_0, 5)
    correlation(return_0, turn_0, 5)
     
    correlation(high_0, low_0, 5)
    correlation(high_0, close_0, 5)
    correlation(high_0, open_0, 5)
    correlation(high_0, turn_0, 5)
     
    correlation(low_0, close_0, 5)
    correlation(low_0, open_0, 5)
    correlation(low_0, turn_0, 5)
     
    correlation(close_0, open_0, 5)
    correlation(close_0, turn_0, 5)
    
    correlation(open_0, turn_0, 5)"""
    )
    
    m6 = M.general_feature_extractor.v7(
        instruments=m1.data,
        features=m3.data,
        start_date='',
        end_date='',
        before_start_days=10
    )
    
    m7 = M.derived_feature_extractor.v3(
        input_data=m6.data,
        features=m3.data,
        date_col='date',
        instrument_col='instrument',
        drop_na=True,
        remove_extra_columns=False
    )
    
    m13 = M.standardlize.v8(
        input_1=m7.data,
        input_2=m3.data,
        columns_input='[]'
    )
    
    m14 = M.fillnan.v1(
        input_data=m13.data,
        features=m3.data,
        fill_value='0.0'
    )
    
    m4 = M.join.v3(
        data1=m17.data,
        data2=m14.data,
        on='date,instrument',
        how='inner',
        sort=False
    )
    
    m10 = M.dl_convert_to_bin.v2(
        input_data=m4.data,
        features=m3.data,
        window_size=1,
        feature_clip=3,
        flatten=True,
        window_along_col='instrument'
    )
    
    m12 = M.cached.v3(
        input_1=m10.data,
        run=m12_run_bigquant_run,
        post_run=m12_post_run_bigquant_run,
        input_ports='',
        params='{}',
        output_ports=''
    )
    
    m18 = M.dl_models_tabnet_train.v1(
        training_data=m12.data_1,
        validation_data=m12.data_2,
        input_dim=98,
        n_steps=3,
        n_d=32,
        n_a=32,
        gamma=1.3,
        momentum=0.02,
        batch_size=5120,
        virtual_batch_size=512,
        epochs=100,
        num_workers=4,
        device_name='auto:自动调用GPU',
        verbose='1:输出进度条记录'
    )
    
    m5 = M.instruments.v2(
        start_date='2018-01-01',
        end_date='2021-09-01',
        market='CN_STOCK_A',
        instrument_list='',
        max_count=0
    )
    
    m8 = M.general_feature_extractor.v7(
        instruments=m5.data,
        features=m3.data,
        start_date='',
        end_date='',
        before_start_days=10
    )
    
    m9 = M.derived_feature_extractor.v3(
        input_data=m8.data,
        features=m3.data,
        date_col='date',
        instrument_col='instrument',
        drop_na=True,
        remove_extra_columns=False
    )
    
    m16 = M.standardlize.v8(
        input_1=m9.data,
        input_2=m3.data,
        columns_input='[]'
    )
    
    m15 = M.fillnan.v1(
        input_data=m16.data,
        features=m3.data,
        fill_value='0.0'
    )
    
    m11 = M.dl_convert_to_bin.v2(
        input_data=m15.data,
        features=m3.data,
        window_size=1,
        feature_clip=3,
        flatten=True,
        window_along_col='instrument'
    )
    
    m19 = M.dl_models_tabnet_predict.v1(
        trained_model=m18.data,
        input_data=m11.data,
        m_cached=False
    )
    
    m20 = M.cached.v3(
        input_1=m19.data,
        input_2=m9.data,
        run=m20_run_bigquant_run,
        post_run=m20_post_run_bigquant_run,
        input_ports='',
        params='{}',
        output_ports=''
    )
    
    m21 = M.trade.v4(
        instruments=m5.data,
        options_data=m20.data_1,
        start_date='',
        end_date='',
        initialize=m21_initialize_bigquant_run,
        handle_data=m21_handle_data_bigquant_run,
        prepare=m21_prepare_bigquant_run,
        volume_limit=0.025,
        order_price_field_buy='open',
        order_price_field_sell='close',
        capital_base=1000000,
        auto_cancel_non_tradable_orders=True,
        data_frequency='daily',
        price_type='后复权',
        product_type='股票',
        plot_charts=True,
        backtest_only=False,
        benchmark='000300.SHA'
    )
    
    m22 = M.strategy_turn_analysis.v1(
        raw_perf=m21.raw_perf
    )
    
    /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:169: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      if LooseVersion(module.__version__) < minver:
    /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/version.py:351: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      other = LooseVersion(other)
    /var/app/data/python_lib/tensorflow_probability/python/__init__.py:61: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      if (distutils.version.LooseVersion(tf.__version__) <
    /var/app/data/python_lib/tensorflow_probability/python/__init__.py:61: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      if (distutils.version.LooseVersion(tf.__version__) <
    /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ray/air/util/tensor_extensions/pandas.py:169: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      if LooseVersion("1.1.0") <= LooseVersion(pd.__version__) < LooseVersion("1.3.0"):
    
    /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/compat/_optional.py:116: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      if distutils.version.LooseVersion(version) < minimum_version:
    /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/version.py:351: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      other = LooseVersion(other)
    /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tables/atom.py:1224: DeprecationWarning: tostring() is deprecated. Use tobytes() instead.
      return pickle.loads(array.tostring())
    
    In [1]:
    # 输出predict
    predict_df = m20.data_1.read()
    predict_df.head()
    
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
    <ipython-input-1-01310d04a4de> in <module>
          1 # 输出predict
    ----> 2 predict_df = m20.data_1.read()
          3 predict_df.head()
    
    NameError: name 'm20' is not defined
    In [4]:
    predict_df.to_csv("tabnet_predict.csv")
    
    In [ ]: