# 基础参数配置
class conf:
start_date = '2010-01-01'
end_date='2017-01-20'
# split_date 之前的数据用于训练,之后的数据用作效果评估
split_date = '2015-01-01'
# D.instruments: https://bigquant.com/docs/data_instruments.html
instruments = D.instruments(start_date, end_date)
# 机器学习目标标注函数
# 如下标注函数等价于 max(min((持有期间的收益 * 100), -20), 20) + 20 (后面的M.fast_auto_labeler会做取整操作)
# 说明:max/min这里将标注分数限定在区间[-20, 20],+20将分数变为非负数 (StockRanker要求标注分数非负整数)
label_expr = ['return * 100', 'where(label > {0}, {0}, where(label < -{0}, -{0}, label)) + {0}'.format(20)]
# 持有天数,用于计算label_expr中的return值(收益)
hold_days = 30
# 特征 https://bigquant.com/docs/data_features.html,你可以通过表达式构造任何特征
features = [
'market_cap_0', # 总市值
]
# 给数据做标注:给每一行数据(样本)打分,一般分数越高表示越好
m1 = M.fast_auto_labeler.v5(
instruments=conf.instruments, start_date=conf.start_date, end_date=conf.end_date,
label_expr=conf.label_expr, hold_days=conf.hold_days,
benchmark='000300.SHA', sell_at='open', buy_at='open')
# 计算特征数据
m2 = M.general_feature_extractor.v5(
instruments=conf.instruments, start_date=conf.start_date, end_date=conf.end_date,
features=conf.features)
# 数据预处理:缺失数据处理,数据规范化,T.get_stock_ranker_default_transforms为StockRanker模型做数据预处理
m3 = M.transform.v2(
data=m2.data, transforms=T.get_stock_ranker_default_transforms(),
drop_null=True, astype='int32', except_columns=['date', 'instrument'],
clip_lower=0, clip_upper=200000000)
# 合并标注和特征数据
m4 = M.join.v2(data1=m1.data, data2=m3.data, on=['date', 'instrument'], sort=True)
# 训练数据集
m5_training = M.filter.v2(data=m4.data, expr='date < "%s"' % conf.split_date)
# 评估数据集
m5_evaluation = M.filter.v2(data=m4.data, expr='"%s" <= date' % conf.split_date)
# StockRanker机器学习训练
m6 = M.stock_ranker_train.v2(training_ds=m5_training.data, features=conf.features)
# 对评估集做预测
m7 = M.stock_ranker_predict.v2(model_id=m6.model_id, data=m5_evaluation.data)
## 量化回测 https://bigquant.com/docs/strategy_backtest.html
# 回测引擎:初始化函数,只执行一次
def initialize(context):
# 系统已经设置了默认的交易手续费和滑点,要修改手续费可使用如下函数
context.set_commission(PerOrder(buy_cost=0.0003, sell_cost=0.0013, min_cost=5))
# 预测数据,通过options传入进来,使用 read_df 函数,加载到内存 (DataFrame)
context.ranker_prediction = context.options['ranker_prediction'].read_df()
# 设置买入的股票数量,这里买入预测股票列表排名靠前的5只
stock_count = 5
# 每只的股票的权重,如下的权重分配会使得靠前的股票分配多一点的资金,[0.339160, 0.213986, 0.169580, ..]
context.stock_weights = T.norm([1 / math.log(i + 2) for i in range(0, stock_count)])
# 设置每只股票占用的最大资金比例
context.max_cash_per_instrument = 0.2
# 回测引擎:每日数据处理函数,每天执行一次
def handle_data(context, data):
# 按日期过滤得到今日的预测数据
ranker_prediction = context.ranker_prediction[context.ranker_prediction.date == data.current_dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')]
# 1. 资金分配
# 平均持仓时间是hold_days,每日都将买入股票,每日预期使用 1/hold_days 的资金
# 实际操作中,会存在一定的买入误差,所以在前hold_days天,等量使用资金;之后,尽量使用剩余资金(这里设置最多用等量的1.5倍)
is_staging = context.trading_day_index < context.options['hold_days'] # 是否在建仓期间(前 hold_days 天)
cash_avg = context.portfolio.portfolio_value / context.options['hold_days']
cash_for_buy = min(context.portfolio.cash, (1 if is_staging else 1.5) * cash_avg)
cash_for_sell = cash_avg - (context.portfolio.cash - cash_for_buy)
positions = {e.symbol: p.amount * p.last_sale_price for e, p in context.perf_tracker.position_tracker.positions.items()}
# 2. 生成卖出订单:hold_days天之后才开始卖出;对持仓的股票,按StockRanker预测的排序末位淘汰
if not is_staging and cash_for_sell > 0:
equities = {e.symbol: e for e, p in context.perf_tracker.position_tracker.positions.items()}
instruments = list(reversed(list(ranker_prediction.instrument[ranker_prediction.instrument.apply(
lambda x: x in equities and not context.has_unfinished_sell_order(equities[x]))])))
# print('rank order for sell %s' % instruments)
for instrument in instruments:
context.order_target(context.symbol(instrument), 0)
cash_for_sell -= positions[instrument]
if cash_for_sell <= 0:
break
# 3. 生成买入订单:按StockRanker预测的排序,买入前面的stock_count只股票
buy_cash_weights = context.stock_weights
buy_instruments = list(ranker_prediction.instrument[:len(buy_cash_weights)])
max_cash_per_instrument = context.portfolio.portfolio_value * context.max_cash_per_instrument
for i, instrument in enumerate(buy_instruments):
cash = cash_for_buy * buy_cash_weights[i]
if cash > max_cash_per_instrument - positions.get(instrument, 0):
# 确保股票持仓量不会超过每次股票最大的占用资金量
cash = max_cash_per_instrument - positions.get(instrument, 0)
if cash > 0:
context.order_value(context.symbol(instrument), cash)
# 调用回测引擎
m8 = M.backtest.v5(
instruments=m7.instruments,
start_date=m7.start_date,
end_date='2017-01-01',
initialize=initialize,
handle_data=handle_data,
order_price_field_buy='open', # 表示 开盘 时买入
order_price_field_sell='close', # 表示 收盘 前卖出
capital_base=2000000, # 初始资金
benchmark='000300.SHA', # 比较基准,不影响回测结果
# 通过 options 参数传递预测数据和参数给回测引擎
options={'ranker_prediction': m7.predictions, 'hold_days': conf.hold_days}
)